Zohreh Hasani

  The present study aimed to examine the scientific and social dimensions of the literature related to sports corruption and provides a multidimensional picture of this field. Analysis of scientometric and altmetric data showed that scientific production in this field is mainly concentrated in English-speaking countries, especially the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, and these countries have the highest number of highly cited articles. The findings also showed that some sensitive topics, such as sports betting, doping, and management scandals, have had a wide social impact despite limited scientific citation, while articles with high scientific citations have been seen mainly in research communities and have received less public attention. The correlation between citation, altmetric, and social media indicators showed that scientific and social impact are not necessarily aligned and that each indicator represents a different dimension of research impact. This study shows that effective sports anti-corruption policies require synergy between scientific research, smart policymaking, and social participation. The results of the study can help develop tra  arency frameworks, improve governance structures, develop data systems, and promote interaction between knowledge and society, and provide a clear path for planning and implementing anti-corruption policies in national and international sports.

This is an exploratory qualitative study conducted to gain a deep, multi-layered, and interpretive understanding of the challenges and opportunities of sports event management in developing countries, with an emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. Using thematic analysis, this study identifies patterns, categorizes concepts, and extracts meanings from qualitative data such as semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study includes experts and scholars active in the field of sports management in selected countries with experience in hosting sports events, and the sampling was purposefully conducted using the snowball method. The sample size was determined by the theoretical saturation rule, and MAXQDA software was used to code and analyze the data. The research results show that the field of sports event management faces challenges such as lack of expertise, managerial incoherence, financial constraints, and weak infrastructure, but there are valuable opportunities such as the effective role of the media, support from government institutions, raising managers' awareness, developing environmental standards, and strengthening economic and business strategies. Social responsibility is effective in promoting fan commitment and loyalty, as well as in improving the brand experience. The findings emphasize that in order to achieve sustainability and social responsibility in sports, it is necessary to adopt appropriate participatory, educational, culture-building, and policy-making strategies to achieve optimal organizational performance and develop the sports market. This analytical method has provided a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the cultural, organizational, and social contexts related to sports event management.  

  This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of AI studies in sports sciences from the Scopus database, emphasizes the importance of using AI in sports sciences, provides data for future research, highlights the need for AI applications in all sports fields in line with global trends, and most importantly, provides a perspective on future AI research in sports sciences in our country. The research method is bibliometric analysis, which examines global research trends in a specific region through the outputs of scientific publications in databases. Researchers use bibliometric analysis to identify emerging trends, evaluate journal performance, analyze collaboration patterns, and examine the composition of research in a specific field in the existing literature. A significant number of documents can be systematically and quantitatively analyzed in a bibliometric study. This type of analysis can highlight research hotspots and identify research trends by examining the distribution of literature over time, across sources, and across regions. Access to large amounts of scientometric data has become relatively easy with the advent of scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Software such as VOSviewer, BibExcel, Histcite, Citespace, and Gephi allow for the analysis of this data in a very pragmatic way. In this study, the visualization software CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix are used to map scientific knowledge, countries/regions, institutions, authors, co-occurring keywords, and co-citation references of published articles, and the Scopus collection database is examined for the status of research on AI and sports, hot spots, frontiers, and development trends of relevant articles.

The recent unprecedented wave of sport-based activism has brought renewed attention to sport as a force for social progress and change. Scholars have examined the factors that drive and facilitate protest through sport, analyzed media coverage and ambivalent responses to such activities, and begun to document its institutional and social impacts. Contrary to some pessimistic sociological critiques, recent research suggests that sport can contribute to the advancement of justice and change, but it can also have unintended consequences for sport, athletes, fans, and other stakeholders. The present study aims to review published literature in the field of sport and social activism. It adopts a descriptive research approach through bibliometric analysis to describe the scale, patterns, and productivity of global publications on sport activism. Bibliometric analysis is a research approach that examines global research trends in a specific area through the output of scholarly publications in databases. Researchers use bibliometric analysis to identify emerging trends, evaluate journal performance, analyze collaboration patterns, and examine the composition of research in a particular field in the existing literature. A significant number of documents can be systematically and quantitatively analyzed in a bibliometric study. This type of analysis can highlight research hotspots and identify research trends by examining the distribution of literature over time, across sources, and across regions. Access to large amounts of scientometric data has become relatively easy with the advent of scholarly databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Software such as VOSviewer, BibExcel, Histcite, Citespace, and Gephi allow for the analysis of this data in a very pragmatic way. This article uses the R language. The R programming language offers an easy-to-use scientometric analysis package called Biblioshiny from Bibliometrix for Scopus.  

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of social media personalization on brand loyalty with the mediating role of perceived value among football fans in southern Iraq. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional, and the data were collected quantitatively. The statistical population of the study included football fans in southern Iraq, and the sample size was determined using    Sample Power software, which ultimately selected 348 people as an acceptable sample. Standard questionnaires related to social media personalization, brand loyalty, and perceived value were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests and external and internal model analysis using    and PLS software, and the error level was considered to be 0.05. The results of the study showed that social media personalization has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty of football fans in southern Iraq. Also, social media personalization has a significant effect on fans' perceived value, and perceived value as a mediator plays an important role in strengthening brand loyalty. In other words, increasing the level of social media personalization improves perceived value and, consequently, increases fan loyalty. The results also indicate the importance of clubs' strategic use of social media to directly and effectively interact with fans, strengthen brand attachment, and create lasting loyalty. The findings of this study are consistent with previous domestic and foreign research and indicate the practical application of the model under study in the football fan environment of southern Iraq.  

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of content marketing on brand awareness of sports teams through the mediation of fans' sense of belonging. This study is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-survey in nature and method of implementation and is in the category of correlational-causal research with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of this study consists of all active fans of professional sports teams in Iran who follow content related to their favorite team through digital media and online platforms, such as official Instagram pages, Telegram channels, club websites, or fan applications. In this study, a purposive non-probability sampling method was used and the final sample size of the study was 350 people. In order to collect data, two library and field methods were used, and the tool used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was also carried out using    and Smart-PLS software. The findings of the study showed that content marketing has a significant and positive impact on brand awareness and also increases fans’ sense of belonging to the brand. In addition, fans’ sense of belonging plays an effective mediating role in strengthening the effect of content marketing on brand awareness. In other words, content marketing not only directly improves brand awareness, but also has an indirect and lasting effect on brand recognition and association by creating an emotional bond and strengthening fans’ belonging. These results indicate that content marketing strategies, along with paying attention to emotional aspects and interaction with fans, can be an effective tool for increasing brand recognition, loyalty, and value in the sports environment.  

The overall objective of this study is to investigate the effect of social media marketing on the purchase intention of football fans by mediating consumer brand interaction among fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya teams in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. In this study, the relationships between variables were examined based on the conceptual model of the research and with the approach of correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya football teams in Iraq who followed the official pages of these two clubs on the social network Instagram. The sampling method was non-probability and convenience sampling; in such a way that only people who (1) were fans of one of the two Al-Zawra or Al-Jawiya teams and (2) were active Instagram users and followers of their club's official page were included in the study. Given the uncertainty of the exact size of the statistical population, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size and finally 365 people were selected as the research sample. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data, including: the Social Media Marketing Questionnaire by Chung et al., the Purchase Intention Questionnaire by Han and Kim, and the Consumer Brand Engagement Questionnaire by Kaur et al. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (skewness, kurtosis, and structural equation modeling) and using    version 25 and Smart PLS version 3 software. The results of the study showed that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention of football fans of Al-Zawra and Juyeh teams. The findings also indicate that consumer brand engagement plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between social media marketing and fans' purchase intention. Accordingly, it can be concluded that as the level of fans' interaction with the club brand through social media increases, their willingness to purchase the club's products and services will also increase.  

   The aim of the present study was to design a model of challenges and opportunities for elite Paralympic athletes. The research method is qualitative (grounded theory with Glaser's approach). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, coaches, board presidents, and athletes) in the field of Paralympic sports. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. 16 people were interviewed to collect data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was 0.84. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of elite Paralympic athletes include: economic problems, socio-cultural problems, sports problems, management problems, legal problems, media problems, and political problems. Also, the opportunities of elite Paralympic athletes include: sports factors, psychological factors, educational and professional factors, economic and financial factors, social and cultural factors, political and legal factors, and technological and media factors. These categories had a series of open and central codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that elite Paralympic athletes, along with physical, social, and structural challenges, gain unique opportunities for personal growth, i  iration, and promotion of the status of disabled sports in society. Examining the pattern of challenges and opportunities shows that institutional and cultural support can smooth the path to their success.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of health literacy in selecting sources of information search for sports supplements in people referring to fitness clubs. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is people referring to fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population trait distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 372 people. The instrument used for this study was based on the standard health literacy questionnaires of "Wahl et al." (2021) and Kaktomani et al. (2019); Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan, Depicy, and Geyer (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was 0.88.    version 25 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, health literacy affects the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Health literacy also affects the characteristics of sports supplements sought by people who refer to fitness clubs, and finally, the characteristics sought play a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that by including concepts related to health literacy, principles of supplement consumption, and how to refer to scientific sources in training courses, we can help athletes choose standard sports supplements.      

در دنياي معاصر، كودكان به عنوان يكي از گروه‌هاي مهم و بنيادين جامعه، مستحق برخورداري از حمايت‌هاي گسترده در همه ابعاد زندگي خود هستند. سلامت جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي كودكان نه‌تنها حق بنيادين آنان، بلكه زيربناي توسعه پايدار جوامع محسوب مي‌شود. با گسترش مشاركت كودكان در فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي رسمي و غيررسمي، توجه به ابعاد حقوقي و حمايتي مرتبط با سلامت آن‌ها، بيش از پيش اهميت يافته است. ورزش اگرچه عامل رشد، نشاط، اعتمادبه‌نفس و شكوفايي توانمندي‌هاي كودكان است، اما در صورت نبود قوانين حمايتي و نظارت مؤثر، مي‌تواند زمينه‌ساز آسيب‌هاي جسمي، رواني و حتي نقض حقوق اساسي آنان گردد.يكي از مهم‌ترين اين حقوق، «حق بر سلامت» است كه در اسناد متعدد بين‌المللي از جمله كنوانسيون حقوق كودك به رسميت شناخته شده است. اين حق، تنها به برخورداري از خدمات درماني محدود نمي‌شود، بلكه شامل پيشگيري، مراقبت، ايمني و برخورداري از محيطي سالم و حمايتي نيز مي‌گردد. در اين ميان، كودكان ورزشكار به دليل فعاليت در محيط‌هايي كه گاه با فشارهاي جسماني، رواني و رقابت‌هاي سنگين همراه است، نيازمند حمايت‌هاي حقوقي مضاعف‌اند.در نظام حقوقي ايران، هرچند قوانين كلي در حمايت از كودكان و سلامت عمومي وجود دارد، اما به‌طور خاص، حق بر سلامت كودكان در بستر ورزش كمتر مورد توجه قانون‌گذار قرار گرفته و خلأهايي در حوزه تقنين، اجرا و نظارت احساس مي‌شود. اين در حالي است كه در نظام حقوق بين‌الملل، رويكردهاي جامع‌تري براي حمايت از سلامت كودكان ورزشكار توسعه يافته است كه مي‌تواند الگويي براي بهبود وضعيت حقوقي در ايران باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تطبيقي «حق بر سلامت كودكان ورزشكار» در حقوق ايران و حقوق بين‌الملل انجام مي‌شود تا با تبيين مباني نظري، تحليل اسناد قانوني و شناسايي چالش‌ها و كاستي‌ها، راهكارهايي براي ارتقاء سطح حمايت از كودكان ورزشكار ارائه نمايد. اين پژوهش ضمن پر كردن خلأ مطالعاتي موجود در اين حوزه، مي‌تواند بستري براي آگاهي‌بخشي به مسئولان، مربيان، خانواده‌ها و نهادهاي قانون‌گذار فراهم آورد و نقش مؤثري در بهبود سياست‌گذاري‌هاي سلامت محور براي كودكان ايفا كند.   

The aim of the present study was to identify the obstacles to owning a professional football club in Kermanshah province and to provide a solution. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory with Glazer's approach). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, coaches and athletes) in the field of football. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. 19 people were interviewed to collect data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. The data-based theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the obstacles to professional football club ownership in Kermanshah province include: managerial and structural obstacles, financial and economic obstacles, legal and legal obstacles, infrastructural and technical obstacles, cultural and social obstacles, and communication and media obstacles. And in response to these obstacles, appropriate solutions were presented. These categories themselves included a series of conceptual and open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that in order to resolve the financial and economic problems of clubs, relevant managers and officials should establish a marketing and revenue-generating unit for the club, which is responsible for designing investment packages, attracting local sponsors, and launching digital fan services. In this way, the club can be placed on the path of economic growth and development.      

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of social networks in sports business innovation (the case study was sports clubs in Kermanshah). The research method is qualitative (grounded data theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, and managers) in the field of sports businesses. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The grounded data theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the role of social networks in sports business innovation includes: innovative marketing and branding, easy communication with the club, increasing customer loyalty, attracting capital, crisis management in the club, producing attractive multimedia content, innovation in designing and providing sports services, and generating income through cyberspace. These categories themselves include 18 concepts and 71 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that club managers should seriously benefit from analyzing social network data so that they can accurately identify the interests, needs, and behaviors of their audiences and provide services tailored to their needs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of social networks in sports business innovation (the case study was sports clubs in Kermanshah). The research method is qualitative (grounded data theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, and managers) in the field of sports businesses. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The grounded data theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the role of social networks in sports business innovation includes: innovative marketing and branding, easy communication with the club, increasing customer loyalty, attracting capital, crisis management in the club, producing attractive multimedia content, innovation in designing and providing sports services, and generating income through cyberspace. These categories themselves include 18 concepts and 71 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that club managers should seriously benefit from analyzing social network data so that they can accurately identify the interests, needs, and behaviors of their audiences and provide services tailored to their needs.   

   Abstract In recent decades, the concept of body management—particularly among women—has emerged as a significant issue in the fields of health, sociology, and sports studies. Women who are members of sports clubs face various challenges in reconciling beauty standards, athletic requirements, and cultural expectations, all of which influence their attitudes toward their bodies. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the attitudes of female sports club members in Kermanshah regarding body management. This applied research employed a descriptive–survey method. The statistical population consisted of all women registered in public and private sports clubs in Kermanshah in the year 2024. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with 32 items covering five dimensions: individual–psychological, social, cultural, media-related, and economic. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed, and data analysis was conducted using    and SmartPLS software through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the media-related factor had the greatest impact on women's attitudes toward body management, followed by the psychological, cultural, social, and economic dimensions. The findings revealed that social comparison, body image, cultural norms, and financial access are key components influencing women's motivations to control, modify, or enhance their bodies. In conclusion, body management among female athletes in Kermanshah is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by media, social structures, and individual cognition. Therefore, designing educational, media, and support policies tailored to psychological and cultural contexts can improve attitudes and promote women's physical and mental well-being. Keywords: Body Management, Women's Attitudes, Social Media, Women's Sports, Cultural Factors                  

   The aim of the present study was to analyze the strategic management of wrestling in Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative (grounded theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, coaches, athletes, and experts) in the field of wrestling. The snowball sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was 0.81. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of strategic management of wrestling in Kermanshah province include: weakness in formulating a long-term strategy, lack of financial support, lack of infrastructure and facilities, weakness in training specialized human resources, low competitiveness, little attention to wrestling, lack of a comprehensive talent search system, media management crisis, and management problems. Also, the solutions for developing wrestling in Kermanshah province include: having strategic planning, improving financial conditions and attracting sponsors, developing sports infrastructure and facilities, training and developing human resources, holding competitions and events, promoting wrestling in the community, strengthening talent search programs, improving media and advertising, and improving the management system, each of which has a number of open codes. Therefore, we conclude that, considering the challenges identified in this study, officials should use the presented solutions to overcome these obstacles, and managers should also establish strong partnerships with the private sector and local industries to provide financial resources for wrestling.

   This study aimed to bibliometrically analyze studies in the field of Muslim women's sports in Scopus and Web of Science. This study used bibliometric techniques. The statistical population of this study consists of studies related to the field of Muslim women's sports in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The sample includes studies conducted between 1985 and 2023. The selection criteria include document type (articles only), language (limited to English), and in the field of Muslim women's sports. The analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix-R software. Bibliometrix is ??a tool for visualizing information in bibliometric analysis based on scientific production and publications in countries and regions, journals, authors, articles, keywords, and research institutions. The findings of this study showed that the most popular topics in women's sports included: gender, sports, Islam, and Muslim women. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of the words showed that the red cluster showed items related to sports, including: gender, Islam, and physical activity; the blue cluster focused on Muslim women and was related to intersectionality, integration, migration, and international feminism; the green cluster included four items related to the connection of girls, Muslims, physical education, and religiosity. Therefore, we conclude that in order to improve the situation of Muslim women's sports, we should focus on the findings of the present study and take action to develop women's sports through interaction with authors and journals that are more established in this field.

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of corruption perception on the tendency to commit corruption in sports with the moderating role of moral involvement. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study is all individuals in the community who are involved in sports. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was calculated according to the Cochran formula. Finally, 398 people were selected as the statistical population. The tools used are standard questionnaires for measuring the perception of general corruption and moral involvement, which are summarized based on the needs of the research, and a researcher-made questionnaire was also used to measure the perception of corruption in sports. In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and approved by first-order factor analysis. And to measure reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used, which was equal to 0.743.    software was used to analyze the data, and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and test the hypotheses, the method of which has been described in detail in the previous sections. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, the perception of public corruption had an effect on the perception of corruption in sports; the perception of public corruption also has an effect on the tendency to commit corruption in sports, and finally, it can be said that moral conflict has a moderating role in the relationship between the perception of public corruption and the tendency to commit corruption in sports. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials and managers should promote ethical issues in sports organizations and federations to reduce corruption in sports.   

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived economic status and the choice of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements in non-competitive users. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is all male clients and customers of fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 318 people. The instrument used for this study is based on the standard questionnaires of Kaktomani et al. (2019), Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan et al. (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was equal to 0.88. In order to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses,    version 25 software was used. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, there was a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the selection of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements among male bodybuilders. There was also a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among male bodybuilders. And finally, there was a significant difference between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among different income groups. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that officials and managers should take steps to improve the economic situation of society, thereby creating conditions for athletes to purchase sports products.   

   The aim of the present study was to present a model of the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports based on a layered analysis of causes. In terms of methodology, the present study is a qualitative research (grounded theory method or grounded theory using triangulation). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, experts and female athletes) in the field of women's sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. Multiple sources (interviews_ visual media_ news_ study of theoretical foundations and documents) were used to collect information. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.86. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges at the litany level include: restrictions on Islamic clothing and attire, lack of appropriate sports facilities, negative cultural and social attitudes, gender discrimination, legal and political barriers, and psychological and social pressures; the challenges at the systematic level include the categories of: economic problems, social problems, lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of adequate representation by the media, cultural challenges, political challenges, and individual problems; the challenges at the discourse analysis level include: traditionalist versus modernist worldview, attitudes toward women's bodies, different interpretations of religion and Sharia, discourse on power and gender roles, Westernist versus nativist worldview, media discourse, and representation and conflict between individualism and collectivism; and finally, the last level, myths and metaphors, include: women as guardians of the home, the sacred body, competition, the arena of men, women, symbols of honor and pride in society, submissive and humble women, the West versus the East, and the hero-sacrifice. Therefore, we conclude that, considering the challenges identified in the present study, officials and managers can play an effective role in addressing the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports by taking practical measures.   

This study was conducted with the aim of Destinations in Sports Tourism Literature: A Bibliometric Review. Bibliometric techniques were used in this study. The statistical population of this study consists of studies related to destinations in sports tourism in the Scopus database. The sample includes studies conducted between 2003 and 2023. The selection criteria include the type of document (only articles), language (limited to English), in the field of destinations in sports tourism. The analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix-R software. Bibliometrix is ??a tool for visualizing information in bibliometric analysis based on scientific productions and publications in countries and regions, journals, authors, articles, keywords and research institutions. The findings of this study showed that the fields of study in sports tourism destinations included: business management, social resources and environment. Also, popular topics in the field of sports tourism destinations included: culture, spectators, marketing, destination image. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of the terms showed that researchers focused on five clusters of sports tourism and destination sustainability, climate change, destination image, major sports events, and tourism motivation segmentation. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials pay special attention to creating and improving sports and welfare infrastructure to attract sports tourists in order to improve the situation of sports tourism destinations.   

AbstractThe aim of this research was to present an interpretive structural model of student sports development. This research was applied in terms of research orientation and was a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of research philosophy. The statistical population of the present study included all professors of sports management, student sports officials, and sports activists at universities in Kermanshah. Theoretical sampling was used to determine the number of people and find the research path, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 15 in-depth interviews. In the qualitative part of the research, in-depth interviews were used to collect information, and in the quantitative part, the instrument used was a questionnaire. To analyze the information in the qualitative part, three overlapping processes of open, axial, and selective coding were used, which were based on the data-driven method and the Glaser approach, and to analyze the information in the quantitative part, the interpretive structural modeling method was used with the help of ISM software. The findings in the qualitative section showed that the electronic marketing model for selling online sports products was based on 89 initial concepts and the results obtained from the final coding showed that the core codes of the research were fourteen factors (factors of financial resource development, development of places and infrastructure, development of the scientific environment, development of the legal environment, development of the cultural environment, social factors, structural factors, management factors, recreational and public factors, prospects for the development of student sports, motivational incentives, promotion and information about the benefits of sports).Also, the results of the structural-interpretive model in the quantitative section showed that financial resources, development of places and infrastructure, structural factors and management factors were at the first level, human resource development at the second level, cultural factors, social factors and development of the scientific environment at the third level, development of the legal environment, intramural competitions, recreational and public factors, motivational incentives and promotion and information about the benefits of sports were at the fourth level and the prospects for the development of student sports were at the fifth level.Keywords: Sports development, student sports, interpretive structural model

   The aim of the present study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the virtual leisure of female students in western Iranian universities. In this study, a mixed research method was used to collect data. The statistical population of the present study included experts (professors, experts, and students) active in the field of leisure in western Iran. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.85. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the factors affecting the virtual leisure of female students in western Iranian universities include, in order of priority: 1. Individual factors, 2. Economic factors, 3. Psychological factors, 4. Cultural factors, 5. Social factors, and 6. Educational and research factors. We conclude that these factors make cyberspace not only considered as an environment for entertainment and recreation but also as an environment for learning, research, and professional growth. In this way, students can utilize their free time to improve their skills and improve the quality of their academic life.

   Abstract    The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize the obstacles facing track and field athletes in Kermanshah province from the perspective of experts and elites. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that is a mixed method (qualitative, quantitative) in terms of data collection and is applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included 15 managers, champions, and veterans of track and field in Kermanshah province, who were interviewed. Using Maxquda software version 2020, obstacles were identified and dir="RTL" >                                    Keywords:   hurdles, athletics, Kermanshah province, experts and elites      

Abstract:    Background: Overweight and obesity have been considered as a global epidemic. craving for food, which is a strong desire to consume a certain type of food; (most foods with high calories and low nutritional value) is defined as one of the main causes of obesity and overweight. Craving for food is a psychological state with factors such as; Impulsivity, inhibitory control, risk-taking decision making and cognitive flexibility are related and it is mainly controlled in the prefrontal cortex and the Dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) area of ??the brain. It has been shown that even one session of physical activity can reduce food cravings. On the other hand, the role of non-invasive brain stimulation in reducing food cravings has also been well proven and the results of some meta-analyses have shown this well. Now, taking into account some gaps in the results of recent studies and the questions raised in this field, in the current research; The effect of an aerobic training session with two different types of transcranial brain stimulation including; direct current stimulation or transcranial pulsed current stimulation on variables; Food craving, food preference, appetite, impulsivity, risk-taking decision making, cognitive flexibility and perceptual responses in obese or overweight women with food cravings have been investigated as the main objective. Methods: For this purpose, 15 obese or overweight female subjects with food cravings voluntarily participated in this research. And after holding a briefing session and familiarizing the subjects with all the stages of the research implementation, the subjects attended the research site in three separate sessions with an interval of 7 days between each session. And in these three sessions, being exposed to one of these three different conditions in a mutual balance: 1) aerobic exercise + transcranial direct current stimulation (AE+tDCS), 2) aerobic exercise + transcranial pulse current stimulation (AE+tPCS), 3) Aerobic exercise + sham stimulation (AE+Sham). In this research, the Latin square method was used to apply mutual balance. And in each session, after the subjects' presence at the place of research implementation and preliminary preparations, in the order of the variables; Food craving, appetite, food preference, impulsivity, risk-taking decision making, cognitive flexibility and perceptual responses were measured. Then in the condition (AE+tDCS); First, the subjects received 20 minutes of direct current anodal stimulation in the left DLPFC region and then they began to perform aerobic exercise. In the (AE+tPCS) condition, the implementation of the protocol was the same, with the difference that the type of stimulation received was transcranial pulse current stimulation. And in (AE+Sham) conditions, subjects received sham stimulation for 20 minutes and then performed aerobic exercise. Immediately after the aerobic exercise in each session, the research variables were measured again. In addition, food craving were measured again 24 and 48 hours after the end of the exercise. Also, appetite and perceptual responses were recorded again at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the completion of aerobic exercise.    Findings:

   The purpose of the current research was to investigate championship sports as a means of building national identity and cohesion (challenges and opportunities). The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts and athletes) in the field of championship sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.88. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges of championship sports include the following categories: economic problems, lack of infrastructure and sports facilities, management problems, lack of specialized human resources, and political problems. And also the opportunities include: attracting financial sponsors for the development of infrastructure, culturalization of championship sports in the society and strengthening national cohesion. These 8 items include 17 concepts and 61 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order to improve the state of championship sports, it is necessary to focus on the challenges identified in this research, and by using the upcoming opportunities, prepare the ground for increasing national cohesion and solidarity through championship sports.

   As a social phenomenon, the migration of elites and sports professionals has harmful effects on the growth and development processes of sports. One of the most important factors that play a role in the success of professional sports is elite, useful and efficient human resources. In addition to facilitating professional development, retention of sports elites reduces conflicts and the longevity of professional sports forces and increases productivity. For this reason, in this research, a model for maintaining elites in Iran's state sports organizations based on the specific challenges and contexts of Iranian society has been presented.

   امروزه مصرف انواع مختلف مكمل هاي غذايي در سراسر دنيا به صورت چشم گيري در حال افزايش است. تعداد زيادي از مكمل هايي كه در بازار به صورت رايج در حال خريدوفروش مي باشند هنوز هم از مصرف آنها اطمينان حاصل نشده تحقيقات معتبر علمي، سالم و بي ضرر بودن آنها را تأييد نكرده اند بنابراين نسبت به مصرف آنها توسط ورزشكاران در رشته هاي مختلف ورزشي نگراني هايي وجود دارد. برهمين اساس و با توجه به خلأ پژوهشي جامع در رابطه با بازار مصرف مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال و عوامل موثر بر آن، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثر رسانه در دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران كرمانشاهي از پيامدهاي مثبت و منفي مصرف مكمل‌هاي ورزشي و تاثير آن بر بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال به انجام رسيد. جامعه آماري مورد مطالعه شامل متخصصان و اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه بود كه در حوزه مكمل هاي ورزشي و مديريت بازاريابي تخصص لازم را داشته باشند و نيز شامل كليه ورزشكاران شهر كرمانشاه بود كه شامل 1100 نفر بود كه 200 نفر از آنان با توجه به حداكثر بزرگنمايي در معادلات ساختاري بعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند.جهت جمع آوري اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده گرديد، كه روايي آن با استفاده از نظرات پنل متخصصان و پايايي پرسشنامه با ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ و شاخص پايايي تركيبي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت كه براي تمامي سازه‌ها بالاتر از 7/0 بوده و تأييد شد. نرم‌افزارهاي مورد استفاده براي انجام تجزيه و تحليل داده ها عبارت بودند از    نسخه 25 وSmartPLS. نتايج به دست آمده نشان داد كه بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي تابعي از رسانه، دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران نسبت به مصرف مكمل­هاي ورزشي است. واژه هاي كليدي: مكمل هاي ورزشي، دانش و نگرش، رسانه

   The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of perceived feasibility and desirability on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students. The present research method is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of this research is all students of sports sciences in Iran. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was also calculated according to Morgan's table. Finally, 389 people were selected as the statistical population. The instrument used for this research is based on the standard questionnaire of Shapro and Sokol (1982). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and confirmed by first-order factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability, and its value was 0.952.    software was used for data analysis and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and check the hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this research, the perceived probability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.502. Also, perceived desirability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.445, and perceived desirability had a positive and significant impact on the perceived feasibility of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.773, and finally, perceived desirability It had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students through perceived probability with an impact coefficient of 0.389. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order for sports science students to reach their entrepreneurial goals, they should focus on the indicators identified in this research.

   Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resistance training (ReT) and vitamin E supplementation (VES) on the serum levels of aminotransferases, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRP2 and CTRP9), insulin resistance and sensitivity, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in men with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: 40 patients with NAFLD (mean age 32.4 ± 8.2 years) participated in this 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. The subjects were assigned randomly into four groups (n=10) including PLB, VES, ReT + PLB, and ReT + VES. Vitamin E was consumed for a daily dose of 800 IU. ReT consisted of eight movements for the upper and lower body, with a frequency of three non-consecutive days per week, in three sets with an intensity of 60–85% of one repetition maximum (1RM), for 8–12 repetitions and 1-3 minute rest between each set. Also, the subjects received nutritional counseling. Anthropometric components, aminotransferase enzymes, lipid profile, AIP, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, white blood cells (WBCs) count, CTRP2, CTRP9, and 1RM were measured before and after the intervention. The normality of the data and the homogeneity of variance were confirmed using the Shapiro-Wilk and Levin tests, respectively. The within-group and between-group differences were analysed by paired t-test and one-way ANOVA test, respectively. The statistical analyses were conducted using    version 26 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Following the intervention, there was an improvment in the anthropometric components, lipid profile, AIP, insulin resistance and sensitivity, and 1RM in the ReT + PLB and ReT + VES groups, as compared to the pre-test and VES and PLB groups (p>0.05). The levels of aminotransferase enzymes in the VES, ReT + PLB, and ReT + VES groups were decreased compared to the pre-test and the PLB group (p>0.05); However, ReT + VES resulted in the highest reduction (p ? 0.01). The count of WBCs in the ReT + VES group decreased compared to the pre-test and the PLB group (p>0.05). The serum levels of CTRP2 and CTRP9 proteins also decreased in the ReT + PLB and ReT + VES groups compared to the pre-test and the VES and PLB groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions, including exercise and diet, resulted in positive changes in anthropometric indices, aminotransferase enzymes, lipid profile, AIP, insulin resistance and sensitivity, and strength. Vitamin E supplementation only lowered liver enzymes. However, the combination of ReT and VES caused the highest improvement in the liver enzymes and inflammatory status. Also, improving body composition led to a significant decrease in CTRP2 and CTRP9. Keywords: Resistance Training; Vitamin E; Insulin; Atherogenic Index of Plasma; CTR   NAFLD.

   The purpose of the current research was to design the development model of Iraqi football clubs. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, coaches, athletes and heads of boards) in the field of football. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors influence the development of football clubs in Iraq, and these factors were categorized into 11 main categories. The categories include: improving the financial status of the club, holding training courses, developing infrastructure facilities, developing human resources, inefficiency of the club management system, weak financial and human resources, having a supportive policy, professional talent search system, developing infrastructures. football, creating discipline in the club and improving the condition of the club and athletes. These 11 items include 22 concepts and 76 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of football clubs in Iraq, the authorities should act through the identified indicators towards the privatization and all-round development of the football infrastructure of this country. This will put the clubs on the path of generating income and improving the financial situation.

   The purpose of the current research was to explain the factors affecting the migration of Iraqi sports elites and to provide solutions. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (athletes and expert professors) in the field of elite sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges of Iraqi sports elite migration include 6 major categories: economic problems, social problems, cultural problems in the society, inefficient political system, weakness in the management system and psychological factors, and solutions for elite migration. Iraq's sports include 6 major categories: development of Iraq's economy, improvement of the social condition of the society, development of sports culture, professional policy making in sports, improvement of the management system of Iraq and promotion of hope and motivation among elite athletes. And finally, the consequences of the migration of Iraq's sports elites include 3 major categories: decline in sports, cultural-social and economic-political. These categories include 30 concepts and 119 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the research findings and identified challenges, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to improve the quality of social and professional life of elite athletes. Also, managers provide the conditions for the development of Iraqi sports at the elite and championship levels by supporting them financially and economically.

   This research was carried out with the aim of "thematic analysis of studies related to sports startups in Iran and drawing its scientific map in sports". The research method is analytical-applicative, which is designed in two parts: thematic analysis and then drawing the road map. The research method was based on thematic analysis, which was used to analyze qualitative data in the field of sports startups and to categorize meaning patterns from the data set, and then based on Ravar Matrix software. A scientific map was drawn and Centrality and betweenness indices were determined. The statistical population of this research was all published articles with the keyword sports startup. For this purpose, by using the purposeful sampling method, by referring to the internal site (all sports publications) and foreign scientific sites (Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar), the desired articles were collected. Finally, 6 articles in domestic publications and 37 articles in foreign publications were identified. In this research, sampling was not done and all 43 articles were examined and analyzed. Data analysis was done using Excel software to draw graphs and Ravar Matrix software. The findings of the research showed that sports start-up is a new topic, and the articles published in this field are categorized in the thematic areas of starting start-ups, development ways and support ways. Most of these articles have been done analytically and the modeling articles have the lowest number among the research methods of the articles. It was also done based on coding in the Visual Studio program, and 81 repetitive words (including: strategy, founder, investment, work teams, individual characteristics, expertise, market, etc.) were identified. According to the thematic analysis, 85 cases of primary concept were identified. These badges were categorized in 85 concepts, 13 themes and 3 main categories according to thematic and conceptual proximity in the axial coding stage. Finally, in drawing the scientific map of start-ups, you identified centrality and betweenness indices for 14 variables with high repetition in all texts and drew its diagram. What was shown in this research is that in recent years, it has been paid attention to by sports science and marketing researchers and this field is a new field that can be used as a trick to develop the society's economy.

  پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبيين رابطه بين حساسيت به روابط بين فردي و عادت به برند هاي ورزشي با توجه به نقش ميانجي اشتياق برند انجام شد. روش اين پژوهش، توصيفي و از نوع مطالعات همبستگي مي‌باشد. روش تحقيق ميداني و پيمايشي بود و جامعه آماري شامل مشتريان برندهاي ورزشي بودند. از آن جا كه تعداد جامعه قابل شمارش نيست و مقدار بالايي را به خود اختصاص مي‌دهد. لذا حجم نمونه بر اساس جامعه نامحدود مد نظر است. از آنجا كه تعداد جامعه مشخص نمي‌باشد از فرمول كوهن براي برآورد حجم نمونه اسفاده شد. تعداد 385 پرسشنامه به طور صحيح بازگشت خورد و در تجزيه و تحليل‌ها از آن‌ها استفاده شد. اين پرسشنامه‌ها به دليل شيوع ويروس كرونا به صورت مجازي توزيع شد. براي سنجش شخصيت برند؛ از پرسشنامه باي و همكاران (2021) شامل 4 سؤال و يك مؤلفه؛ سنجش عادت به برند؛ از طريق پرسشنامه ماراد و كيواي (????) شامل 7 گويه و روابط بين فردي؛ از طريق پرسشنامه رويان و وايس (????) شامل سه سؤال استفاده شد. مي‌باشد. اين پرسشنامه در طيف 5 گزينه ليكرت متغيرهاي تحقيق را مورد سنجش قرار مي‌دهد. روايي صوري و محتوايي با استفاده از نظر 8 نفر از اساتيد مديريت ورزشي تأييد شد. روايي سازه با استفاده از آزمون تحليل عاملي تاييدي مورد تأييد قرار گرفت و پايايي متغيرها توسط آزمون آلفاي كرونباخ مورد تأييد قرار گرفت. در اين تحقيق جهت تجزيه وتحليل داده‌ها از دو روش آمار توصيفي وآمار استنباطي استفاده شد. از نرم افزارهاي    و LISREL جهت ارائه مدل استفاده شد. بر اساس يافته‌ها حساسيت به روابط بين فردي و عادت به برند هاي ورزشي با توجه به نقش ميانجي اشتياق برند رابطه مثبت و معناداري دارند. بر اين اساس مي توان پيشنهاد نمود كه يكي از مهم ترين برنامه هاي سازمان هاي ورزشي در راستاي بازاريابي ، توجه به نقش مثبت اشتياق برند است.

The purpose of the current research was to develop an intelligence model in sports internet businesses. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, professors and sports business owners in the field of this research. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the development of an intelligent model in sports internet businesses includes: causal factors (innovation development, resource management and business development through the Internet); background factors (supportive-legal policies and cultural infrastructure); Intervening conditions (internal intervenors, external intervenors and weakness in managerial knowledge); strategies (strategy based on business communication, strategy based on customer and strategy based on supporting managers) and finally consequences (individual consequences, business development and socio-economic consequences). These categories themselves include 32 concepts and 148 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the concepts identified, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to promote online sports businesses. In this way, short-term employments will also prosper.      

   Abstract    The current research was conducted with the aim of analytical study of sports and leisure spaces for women, with an emphasis on women's park in Kermanshah province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Library and field methods were used to collect data and information. The research tool was a questionnaire, which was a combination of two questionnaires taken from similar researches, and then the professors of the university checked the validity of the content, and by conducting a pre-test, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability of the questionnaire were calculated as 0.9. The statistical population of the research includes all women referring to It was Kermanshah Women's Park. The size of the statistical sample was estimated through the t-tech test of two domains using the Sample power software of 128 people, and the same number of questionnaires were distributed among the samples. One-sample t-test and central indices were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that based on the results of the sample T-Tech test and according to the Likert evaluation, the physical, cultural, sports and management facilities of Kermanshah Women's Park have an unfavorable situation; In contrast, the components of the level of security, social relations and mental health have a favorable situation. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to implement a project regarding the optimization of women's park in Kermanshah based on the results obtained from this research and practical suggestions in order to continue and increase the presence of women.

  This research was conducted with the aim of the effect of the characteristics of using social networks on brand equity with the mediating role of brand trust (case study: consumers of sports supplements).

  The current research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the associative consequences of old sports brands. The method of this research is descriptive and of the type of correlational studies. The statistical population of the research is all the buyers of Iranian sports brands. Since the number of the community cannot be counted and it takes a high amount. Therefore, the sample size is based on an unlimited population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size. To be sure, 400 questionnaires were distributed and out of this number, 391 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. These questionnaires were distributed virtually due to the spread of the corona virus. The research questionnaires are taken from the research of Richard and White (2020). This questionnaire contains 15 questions, which are categorized in the form of 5 components and measures the consequences of association of old brands in the range of 5 Likert options. Form and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 sports management professors. The validity of the structure was confirmed by using the confirmatory factor analysis test and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.    and LISREL software were used to present the model. According to the findings, brand association is effective at the rate of 0.90 on experience and expertise, at the rate of 0.95 at the rate of 0.96 on reminiscence, at the rate of 0.96 on timele  ess and at the rate of 0.85 on tradition. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that brand association has a positive and significant effect on the mentioned factors. Also, based on the findings, reminiscence, timele  ess, maintenance, experience, expertise, and tradition are among the most important consequences of brand association. Therefore, in order to associate the brand, the desired indicators should be emphasized by the marketers.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of brand personality and interpersonal relationships on addiction to sports brands. The method of this research is descriptive and of the type of correlation studies. The statistical population of this research is all the buyers of Iranian sports brands. The sampling method is accessible, which was selected from the customers of sports brands in the virtual space. Since the number of the population cannot be counted and it takes a high amount, therefore, the sample size is considered unlimited based on the population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size(385 people). to measure brand personality; From the questionnaire of Karol and Ahoya (2006) including 8 questions and one component; measuring brand addiction; Through Marad and Kiwai (2017) questionnaire including 7 items and interpersonal relationshi   Royan and Weiss (2015) questionnaire including three questions was used. The face and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 professors. The validity of the construct was confirmed using the confirmatory factor analysis test, and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, in the descriptive statistics section (mean, standard deviation, tables, etc.) and in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to detect the normal distribution of the data. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between research variables, regression analysis test was used to predict variables and construct validity Also,    and LISREL software were used to present the model. Based on the findings of the above table, all paths are positive and meaningful. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that each variable of brand personality and interpersonal relationships have a positive and significant effect on addiction to sports brands. The results of the model fit show that all the indicators are in the optimal level. This means that the desired model has a significant degree of reliability. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in order to improve the brand and maintain customers, a brand with a personality should be created and through communicating with customers, make them loyal to the brand

Today, tourism is the largest service industry in the world. Even many developed and developing countries, tourism has been a priority of their economic. The tourism industry is gaining a lot of its demand through mixed marketing. The present study seeks to achieve a realistic model of effective marketing mix in the nature-oriented sports tourism industry in the Lorestan province (west of Iran) and to investigate the effect of marketing mix strategy in attracting sports tourists. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected by library and field methods (questionnaire). The sample population was 217, which were selected by purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance) were used to analyze the data. To determine the normality of the data from the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and after the data were found to be normal, parametric statistics (one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation) and linear regression were used in   21 software. The results of correlating P4 marketing mixed variables (product, price, Place and promotion) with the capabilities of nature-oriented sports tourism in the Lorestan province have shown that product and Place variables have the highest relationship and coefficient of importance in sports tourism in the study area. In other words, the dependent variable "sports tourism" had a positive and significant correlation with the independent variables "product and Place marketing mix". On the other hand, the independent variable "price marketing mix" with the dependent variable "sports tourism" are inversely correlated. In other words, with rising prices, sports tourism in the study area has been declining.   

  orts are recognized as playing a social role related to the promotion of education, intercultural dialogue and personal growth, regardless of gender, race, age, sport, religion, political affiliation, sexual orientation and socio-economic background. However, the population of elite sports women has always been smaller than men. Some of the gender gap in sports is closing, but it still remains due to some biological differences that affect performance. The scientific discussion on this issue is based on the dimming of this difference. Therefore, this research was investigated with the aim of conceptualizing championship from the point of view of elite female athletes. For this purpose, 18 sports elites were selected purposefully and based on women's snowball strategies for unstructured private interviews, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, selective and theoretical codes. It was analyzed and analyzed. The results showed that the reconstruction and construction of gender identity has been obtained as a personality category of the model, that the factors of gaining power, desire for change and agency were identified around this issue, and other social, cultural, individual, economic and sports concepts were identified in this regard. . Based on this model, it is recommended that the concept of gender and women's identity be given more attention and the program be made in the development of championship sports for gender justice.

Corruption is a very pervasive issue that has affected the entire world as a major threat.   The present study aims to investigating and analyzing the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in the country's sports. The method of this research was practical in terms of purpose, in terms of qualitative approach and in terms of method, field and using interview tool. The statistical population was all journalists who reported on corruption, which was selected by the theoretical sampling method of 15 journalists, as the study sample, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. After conducting 15 interviews, gradually special concepts were identified in the participants' point of view. the data obtained qualitatively and using the coding method of analysis and their views and opinions about the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in 4 main themes and 10 main categories and on They were categorized based on their importance. The findings from the implementation and analysis of the interviews using the coding method show things like; Challenges related to media independence in sports corruption reporting (with three categories), challenges related to work motivation (with two categories), challenges related to interests and conflict (with two categories) and challenges related to media support. have been of great importance in the sports corruption report (with three categories).

  The aim of this study was to explain the model of indicators affecting the trust of sports brands. The method of this research was performed in the field. The statistical population of this study is all buyers of Iranian sports brands. Sampling method is available that is selected from customers of sports brands in cyberspace. Since the number of population can not be counted and has a high value, so the sample size is considered based on unlimited population. Quality of service through Han et al. (2015) questionnaire, brand impact through Holbrooke and Chaudhory questionnaire (2001), self-compliance through Han et al. (2015) questionnaire, Han et al. Brand awareness (2015), brand communication through questionnaire Irwin and Satan (2001), brand reputation was assessed through the Moutinho and Waltson (2009) questionnaire, and brand trust was assessed through the Delgado and Ballister (2004) questionnaire. In this study, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The software used is    and LISREL. Based on the findings, service quality, brand effect, self-consistency, brand awareness, brand communication and brand reputation have a positive and significant effect on the trust of sports brands. Based on this, programs such as focusing on human resources, social proof by providing value, increasing awareness about new products and resources, identifying the target group and selling values, creating a strong brand identity and strategy, using podcasts and newsletters are suggested. , Interact with customers to be considered.

  the effect of interaction in instagram on profssional athlees brandimage with the moderator role of the variables relationship quality,authenticity and atteachment

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the excitement and satisfaction of participants in adventure sports. The research method is a descriptive and correlational study which is applied in the category of applied research and performed in the form of a field.The statistical population of this study was the participants in adventure sport .

  The aim of this research was to explain the relationship between human resources strategies, and strategic human capital with organizational performance among experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The research method is descriptive-survey and statistical population of this research consisted of all experts of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Iran (400). In a simple random sampling method, 196 people were selected as the sample, Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Data was collected from three Bambergger and M?hlm human resources questionnaires (2000), Tulles strategic human capital (2006) and Ahmadi organizational performance (2013). For data analysis, structural equation modeling and path analysis by LISREL software was used.The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between the human resources strategies and strategic human capital with organizational performance among experts of Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. Among the human resources strategies "multiple and paternal strategy" and among the strategic human capital components, "Human Capital Expansion and Organization Characteristics" had the most effect on organizational performance. Therefore, it is recommended to consider these components in increasing the organizational performance of the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

  AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to research on Effect of stadium atmosphere and impulsivity on impulse buying of sport products. impulse buying is spur of the moment ,unplanned decision to buy , made just before a purchase .which is effected buy environment and personality .   The population of the study consisted of football spectators of Tehran Azadi stadium , because of the uncertainty of the number of population, according to Kukran formula sample size was equal to 380 people which selected randomly. In order to collect data   questionnaire of impulse buying by   Chang, H. J.(2011), questionnaire of impulsivity by   Whiteside &Lynam (2001) and stadium atmosphere by Chen, C. Y. (2013)was used. Data analysis done by using the descriptive and inferential statistics include Kolmogorov – Smirnov, Pearson correlation , path analysis of structural equations, Regression and also AMOS-21 and   -22. The results showed that sensation seeking ,one of impulsivity aspects has positive effect on impulse buying .also tow aspects of stadium atmosphere ( facilities , costume and simbols )have positive effect on impulse buying of sport products in football stadiums .  Keywords :impulse buying , stadium atmosphere , impulsivity ,sport product .